Igama Lomkhiqizo: Sabará Jaboticaba (Isihlahla Samagilebhisi SaseBrazil)

Incazelo:
I-Sabará Jaboticaba, eyaziwa ngesayensi ngokuthi Plinia cauliflora (okufanayo: Myrciaria jaboticaba), i-i-Jaboticaba ehlwengiwe kakhulu futhi ebalulekile kwezohwebo emhlabeni wonke. Idabuka e-Atlantic Forest esifundeni esiseningizimu yeBrazil, iyona uhlobo oluphambili ebala ngaphezu kwe 99% yokutshalwa kwe-Jaboticaba eChina naseTaiwan . EBrazil yayo yemvelo, ibizwa ngokuthi jabuticaba-sabará noma jabuticaba-murta futhi isetshenziswa amakhulu eminyaka .

Iphunga Elikhula Emkhakheni:

Isici esichaza i-Sabará Jaboticaba i-umkhuba wokuthela izithelo omangalisayo – izimbali nezithelo ziphuma ngqo ku isiqu kanye namagatsha avuthiwewesihlahla, hhayi ekukhuleni okusha. Lo mkhuba wokukhula ngamaqabunga esiqwini udala umbukiso omuhle kakhulu, onezixha ze-amajikijolo acwebezelayo, ansundu-mnyama ngokujulile kubonakala inamathela ngqo egxolweni, kufana nesihlahla esihlotshiswe ngamatshe ayigugu .

Ukubukeka:
Iphunga li-kuyindilinga kuya kokuncane okufana ne-ellipsoid, ngobubanzi obuvamise ukusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-3 cm (0.5–1.5 amasentimitha) . Isikhumba sikhona ezincane, eziqinile, futhi ezinsundu ngokujulile ezimnyama uma isivuthiwe ngokugcwele, ivamise ukumbozwa i-bloom yemvelo. Ngaphakathi, inyama i i-gelatinous, icwebezela, futhi imhlophe kuya kumbala wengilazi, inamathela ngokuqinile embewini . I-ratio ye-flesh-to-fruit ingu-60%–70% .

Ukunambitheka Nokumnandi:
Sabará Jaboticaba iletha i-ukunambitheka okumsulwa, okumnandi kakhulu okubhekwa kabanzi njenge okunambitheka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-Jaboticaba . Inyama i inamanzi futhi inephunga elimnandi, enephrofayili yokunambitheka eyinkimbinkimbi evame ukuchazwa ngokuthi ingxube ye-mangosteen, ugwava, i-sugar apple, nananasi – ukunambitheka okuhlukile “kwezithelo ezine kokukodwa” . Okuqukethwe kwe-soluble solids kuvamise ukuba phakathi kuka-12% kuya ku-16% Brix , with fully ripe fruit reaching optimal sweetness.

Inani Lokudla:
I-Jaboticaba icebile nge-ama-anthocyanin, ama-flavonoid, ama-tannin, nama-phenolic acid – ama-antioxidants anamandla anezici zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nokubulala amagciwane . Isithelo futhi siwumthombo omuhle we I-Vitamin C (15–30.7 mg ku-100g), i-calcium, i-iron, ne-phosphorus .

Izinto Ezibalulekile Zezohwebo:

• Uhlobo Olwaziswa Kakhulu – Yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njenge ezimnandi kakhulu futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo I-cultivar ye-Jaboticaba

• Umkhiqizo Ophezulu – Isihlahla esivuthiwe singakhiqiza amakhilogremu angaphezu kwe-1,000 wezithelo ngonyaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu

• Izitshalo Eziningi – Kukhiqiza izithelo ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 ngonyaka, with fruiting cycles approximately every 2 months

• Ikhula ngokushesha – Izihlahla ezixhunyiwe zithela ku 4–6 iminyaka, ngokushesha kunezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-Jaboticaba

• Inhloso-Ekabili – Inhle kakhulu ye ukudla okusha, ijusi, ijele, iwayini, no-ayisikhilimu ukukhiqizwa

• Inani Lokuhlobisa – Isihlahla esihle esinesimo esihlukile sokuthela izithelo esiqwini, esifaneleizingadi, amapatiyo, nezitsha

Amanothi Abalulekile Kubalimi:

• Isidingo sokupholisa: Akukho – isimo sezulu esishisayo ukuya kwesifunda esishisayo, izinga lokukhula elingcono 22–25°C

• Ukuzwela Emakhazeni: Kulimale ngaphansi kwe-1°C; kudinga ukuvikelwa ezindaweni ezibandayo

• Izidingo Zenhlabathi: Okujulile, okukhipha amanzi kahle, inhlabathi ene-asidi encane (pH 5.5–6.5); ayikwazi ukubekezelela ukugcwala kwamanzi kanye nosawoti

• Izinga Lokukhula: Ukukhula kancane kakhulu – ingakhula kuphela ngamasentimitha angu-18 eminyakeni emi-3; kudingeka ukubekezela

• Izidingo Zamanzi:Umswakama olinganiselayo ubalulekile; ukuqhakaza kuqalwa yimvula noma ukunisela

• Isikhathi Sokuvuna: Isithelo silungele lapho kugcwele umbala futhi kuthambile kancane; izihlahla ngazinye zivuthwa cishe eminyakeni engu-amaviki ama-2, edinga ukuvunwa kaningi

• Ngemuva Kokuvuna: Ibola ngokushesha okukhulu – isikhathi sokugcina sokuphila si akukho ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezi-3 ezingeni lokushisa. Ukufaka i-wax nokupakisha kweplastiki kungandisa ku-izinsuku ezingama-21 ku-53°F (12°C)

Izifunda Zokukhula:
Idabuka e-eningizimu yeBrazil (ezifundazweni zaseMinas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), iSabará Jaboticaba isiye yethulwa emhlabeni wonke ezindaweni ezishisayo nezingaphansi kwesishisa. EChina, yethulwa ngeTaiwan ngawo-1960 futhi manje isilinywa eGuangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, kanye neJiangxi . Ezivivinyweni zokwethulwa e-Guangzhou, i-Sabará yathola i ukuphila okungaphezu kuka-88% futhi kunconywa njenge inhlobo ephakeme kanye ne-Fukuoka .

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:
Izitshalo eziningi ngonyaka – ngokuvamileimijikelezo emi-3 kuya kwemi-4, nokukhiqiza okuphezulu ngo-intwasahlobo nehlobo . E-Guangzhou, izikhathi eziyinhloko zokuthela izithelo yi-Januwari–Juni naSepthemba–Disemba, nesikhathi esiphakeme sokuqhakaza ku Mashi–Meyi . Isithelo sasezindaweni ezishisayo esisezingeni eliphezulu esiletha ubumnandi obukhethekile, ukuthungwa okuhlukile, nokuvuna izikhathi eziningi – kufaneleka kakhulu kuukuthengiswa kwemakethe epholile, ukupakishwa kwezipho ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwejusi newayini, kanye nokulima emakhaya.