Igama Lomkhiqizo: Dawuyuan Longan (I-Giant Round Longan)

Incazelo:
I-Dawuyuan Longan iwuhlobo lwe-longan olusezingeni eliphezulu olusuka eRongxian County, eGuangxi Province, eChina, olunomlando wokulima ongaphezu kwe- iminyaka engu-600. Ibizwa ngokuthi ngenye yezinto izinhlobo ze-longan ezinamakhasi amakhulu kakhulu eChina, yathola isihloko esithi “Inkosi yeLongan” ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula ephezulu. I- Imibhalo yaseRongxian kurekhodiwe: "URong ukhiqiza i-longan, amadolobhana agcwele amanzi, futhi lapho ivuthiwe, ikhanya njengegolide ne-jade" – inkondlo yokuhlonipha leli gugu lendawo elithandwayo.

Umgqumo Ochaza Kabusha Usayizi neKhwalithi:

Isici esichazayo seDawuyuan yilokhu isithelo esikhulu ngokwedlulele. Isisindo esimaphakathi sesithelo esisodwa sisukela ku- amagremu angama-17.8 kuye kwangama-18.3, kanti ezinkulu kakhulu zifinyelela amagremu angama-31 – kuphela izithelo ezingama-44 kuye kwezingama-52 ngekhilogramu – okwenza kube yi- uhlobo lwamalongana olukhulu kunazo zonke eChina. Ububanzi besithelo budlula ngokuqhubekayo 25mm, ngezithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezifinyelela ku- 27–29mm. Lobukhulu obumangalisayo, kuhlangene ne- 74.1% izinga lokudleka (cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-9 ngaphezulu kune-longan evamile), inikeza inani elikhethekile kubathengi.

Ukubukeka:
Isithelo sikhulu isindilinga esicaba esinehlombe eliphakanyisiwe kancane noma elingalingani kanye nesiphetho sesiqu esicindezelwe ngokusobala. Isikhumba sikhulu phuzi ngokunsundu futhi icishe ibe bushelelezi. Ngaphakathi, inyama i- kumhlophe ngendlela ekhanyayo futhi kucishe kubonakale, nge ukudla okunomsindo, okuhlaziyayo kanye ne- ukumnandi okumsulwa, okumnandi. Isici esivelele se-Dawuyuan i- "dry pack" (干包) imvelo – umjusi ulinganiselayo futhi akaconsi kalula, okwenza kube kuhle ekuthuthweni ibanga elide nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Ukunambitheka Nokudla Okunomsoco:
I-Dawuyuan iletha ukunambitheka okumnandi, okubuyisela amandla enokuqukethwe kwezinto ezincibilikayo 16%–18.5%. Iqukethe kakhulu i- I-Vitamin C (144.8 mg nge-100g yenyama) – kudlula kakhulu izithelo eziningi – kanye namaprotheni, i-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-iron, namavithamini B. Isithelo sihlukana kalula embewini, futhi inyama iwugqinsi futhi inenyama.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zokuhweba:

• Usayizi Wesithelo Esikhulu Kakhulu – 17.8–18.3g isilinganiso, kufika ku-31g – uhlobo lwe-longan olukhulu kakhulu eChina

• Izinga Eliphezulu Lokudliwa – 73.4%–74.1%, uma kuqhathaniswa no-64.5% we-longan evamile

• I-Dry Pack (干包) – Umjusi olinganiselayo ongaconsi, ulungele ukuthuthwa

• Ikhwalithi Yokucubungula Eyingqayizivele – 11–12 kg yenyama yomgqumo owomisiwe nge-100 kg yesithelo esisha (1–2 kg ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile); izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo ofakwe ethinini 6.8%–8.8% ephakeme kakhulu

• Ikhwalithi Ezuza Imiklomelo – Indawo yokuqala emqhudelwaneni we-Autonomous Region Longan ka-1987; yaboniswa e-National Agricultural Exhibition Hall eBeijing (1958, 1985); yakhethwa emkhankasweni we-1989 Beijing Asian Games Green Food Exhibition

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuhlukahlukene – Ihle kakhulu ukudliwa isihlaza, ukufakwa emathinini, umgqumo owomisiwe (桂圆干), kanye nemikhiqizo yenyama yomgqumo

• Ukusetshenziswa Kwembewu – Imbewu iqukethe ngaphezu kuka-75% isitashi; 100 kg yembewu ingakhiqiza ngaphezu kuka-30 kg wotshwala olungama-37 degrees, futhi zisetshenziselwa futhi ukukhiqiza i-activated carbon ne-paste

Izindawo Zokukhulisa:
Idabuka e Isifunda saseRongxian, eGuangxi Province, i-Dawuyuan iwuhlobo lwentengiso olukhulu e-Guangxi, nezindawo zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko zise- Rongxian (Rongxiang Town, Xidi Village, Litang Village), Lingshan, kanye neYulin (Beiliu) . Iphinde yethulwe ngempumelelo e Chongqing (Idolobha laseZhutuo) , lapho ilinywa khona njengohlobo oluvutha sekwephuzile ngaphansi kwe-“Zhutuo Brand” futhi ithola isivuno sika- 500 kg nge-mu.

Amanothi Okulima:

• Isimo sezulu: Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka 18–26°C; ubuncane basebusika 2–3°C; 8–14°C amazinga okushisa aphansi kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuJanuwari adingekayo ekwehlukaniseni i-flower bud; umonakalo wesithwathwa wenzeka ku- 0–2°C

• Ukukhethwa Kwendawo: Izindawo eziphakeme, ezinamanzi agelezayo; inhlabathi pH 5.5–6.5 (i-red loam noma i-sandy loam); ibekezelela amakhaza futhi ifanele izindawo ezisenyakatho emaphethelweni

• Umanyolo: Izicelo ezintathu ngonyaka ezihlahleni ezivuthiwe; isivuno esiphezulu esivela kumanyolo osindayo wangaphambi kokuqhakaza, kulandele umanyolo wangaphambi kokuvuna; ephansi kakhulu kumanyolo wokukhulisa izithelo. Umanyolo omsulwa wonyaka ngesihlahla ngasinye: N 0.852kg, P₂O₅ 0.426kg, K₂O 1.022kg (N:P:K = 1.0:0.5:1.2)

• Ukunciphisa Izithelo: Kuyadingeka kumaqoqo ezithelo amaningi; inani lokugcinwa lincike ekujiyeni kwegatsha, inani lamacembe, kanye nezinga lokuphatha

• Inani Lokuzalisa: Njengomzali wesifazane, i-Dawuyuan yahlanganiswa ne-Shixia kwakhiqiza i-“Cuifeng” longan, eyaveza 36.8 kg ngesihlahla ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokuxhunyelelwa phezulu

• Izinambuzane Nezifo: Imelana nesifo se-witches' broom; isithelo sithambekele ekukhuleni kwesikhunta ngemuva kokuvuthwa – ukuvuna ngesikhathi nokulawulwa kokugcinwa okufanele kubalulekile

• Ukuthela Kabili Ngonyaka: Imibukiso ukuthela okushintshanayo okuphawulekayo; ukugcotshwa okulinganiselayo kanye nokuncishiswa kwezithelo kuyadingeka ukuze kube nokukhiqiza okungaguquguquki

Isizini Yokuvuna:
NgoJulayi ngasekupheleni kuya ku-Agasti – umgqumo wezinga eliphezulu wesizini ephakathi kuya kwesemuva onikeza ubukhulu bezithelo obumangalisayo, izinga eliphezulu lokudliwa, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokucubungula. Nge amafa eminyaka engama-600, imiklomelo eminingi kazwelonke, futhi Isikhombisi Sezwe Sendlela ukuqashelwa, iDawuyuan Longan idinga ukufunwa okukhulu emakethe kuzo zombili iziteshi zezithelo ezintsha kanye nemikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe, ikakhulukazi ye- ukupakishwa kwezipho eziphakeme kanye nemikhiqizo yomgqumo owomisiwe esezingeni eliphezulu.