isiZulu
Ukulawulwa Kwezifo Zikalitchi: Khomba, Elapha, futhi Vimbela – Konke Endaweni Eyodwa
Kwadalwa ngo 07.25, Kubuyekezwe ngo Ngokwamukisa
Minyaka yonke, uma izihlahla zikaloliya sezifika esigabeni sokuhluma amahlumela, ukuqhakaza, nokukhula kwezithelo ezincane, izinambuzane nezifo ziqala ukuhlasela ngokulandelana. Eziningi izinsimu zibona amaqabunga emnyama, izintambo ezinoboya ngaphansi, ubuso bamaqabunga obunamagquma, nokuwa kwamaqabunga okukhulu. Abalimi abaningi bayazidida lezi zimpawu, basebenzisa imithi ehlukahlukene yokubulala izinambuzane, kodwa ababoni uthuthuko olukhulu.
Eqinisweni, izinambuzane nezifo ezahlukene zinezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele: ezinye ziyisikhunta, ezinye ziyi-algae, ezinye izinambuzane, kanti ezinye zibangelwa imikhaza. Uma uhlonza isifo ngendlela engafanele, usuchithe nje umuthi wakho.
Ngezansi ithebula lokuqhathanisa eliyisiqondiso esisheshayo sezinambuzane nezifo ezijwayelekile zikaloliya, elihlelwe kusukela ekuhlonzeni izimpawu → ezindleleni zokuvela → esikhathini sokwelapha → emithini ekhethwayo yokubulala izinambuzane. Ligcine ukuze ulisebenzise ensimini.
Izinambuzane nezifo | Izimpawu ezijwayelekile | Isimiso sokuvela | Izimo eziyingozi kakhulu | Iphakethe lokuvimbela nokwelapha |
a: I-Cephaleuros virescens | Ubuso beqabunga bukhombisa amachashaza ayindilinga, ampunga-luhlaza kuya kokuphuzi okugqwalile, anokuthinta okumahhadla okufana nokugqwala. | Ukhula oluyi-parasitic luthelela izicubu ezingaphezulu zamaqabunga | Ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu, isihlahla esiminyene | I-Kasugamycin+Mancozeb+Organosilicone Adjuvant |
b: i-anthracnose | Iziphetho zamaqabunga ezinokusha kanye nezilonda ezimnyama-nsundu, kanye nokubola kwezithelo | Ukuhlasela kwefungal nokusabalala ngaphakathi kwezicubu | Isimo sezulu esinemvula eqhubekayo kanye nomswakama ophezulu | I-Difenoconazole+Pyraclostrobin+Organosilicone Adjuvant |
c: i-leaf gall midge | Amaqabunga ayavuvukala futhi agobe, akhe izakhiwo ezinjenge-gall. | Izibungu zingena emaqabungeni athambile, zikhuthaze ukwanda okungajwayelekile kwezicubu. | Isikhathi sokuvela kwamahlumela amasha | Clothianidin+Chlorantraniliprole+Emamectin Benzoate |
d:Isikhunta esimnyama | Amahlamvu namagatsha aphenduke amnyama njengomlotha wamalahle. | Uju lwezintwala nezilwane ezinamagobolondo lukhuthaza ukukhula kwesikhunta | Ubuningi bezinambuzane kanye nomswakama ophezulu | Movento+Imidacloprid+Mancozeb |
e:Ukuvuvukala kwamahlamvu (Uhlangothi olungaphezulu) | Uhlangothi lwamahlamvu luyavuvukala futhi lushwabene, kube namabhamuza. | Izintwala ezihlala esikhunjeni ezidla izicubu | Isigaba samahlumela asentwasahlobo namahlamvu amancane | Abamectin+etoxazole+ Amafutha amaminerali |
f:Ukuvuvukala kwamahlamvu (Uhlangothi olungaphansi) | Uhlangothi olungaphansi lwamahlamvu lumbozwe izinwele eziphuzi ukuya kwezinsundu. | I-bedbug ibangela ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwezicubu ohlangothini olungaphansi lwamahlamvu. | Kufudumele futhi kunomswakama, kunamahlumela amaningi athambile | I-Abamectin + i-Bifenazate + i-Organosilicone Adjuvant |
a: I-Algal Spot: Akuwona umfutho – Ukukhula kwe-Algae
Yini engenalungile ngaleli gciwane? Kunezindawo eziyindilinga ecishe zibe yindilinga ebusweni beqabunga, ezisuka kokuluhlaza okumpunga ziye kokunsundu okuphuzi kanye nokubomvu okugqwalile. Zizwa zimahhadla kakhulu, sengathi zinomfutho. Esigabeni sakamuva, amaqabunga ayaguga futhi awe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
I-Algal spot akuyona isifo sefungi nhlobo. Isizathu saso i-alga ephilayo, esakazwa ngamanzi emvula nomoya, futhi yanda phezu kweqabunga. Izinkundla zezithelo ezinamagatsha aminyene, umswakama ophezulu, ukungena komoya okuncane, kanye nenqwaba yamaqabunga amadala zivame ukuqubuka kalula. Ungayilawula kanjani? Ukufaka izivikelo: i-kasugamycin 1,000× + i-mancozeb 600× + i-organosilicone adjuvant 3,000× – fafaza kahle. Ezimweni ezinzima: i-kasugamycin + i-zinc thiazole + i-mancozeb, bese uphinda ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10. Khumbula: lena i-alga, akuyona ifungi – ungaphinde usebenzise umuthi ongafanele!
b:Anthracnose: "Umbulali Ofihliwe" Ongawuboni Uze Kube Sekwephuzile
I-Anthracnose – lena iyinsidious! Esigabeni sokuqala, amakhasi amancane abe mthubi – ngeke uqaphele ngaphandle kokuthi ubheke kahle. Esigabeni esiphakathi nendawo nesokugcina, kuba kubi: izilonda ezimnyama ezifayo, ukubola kwezithelo, ukuwa kwamakhasi, nokuwa kwezithelo – iziqephu zamakhasi ziwela ngokulandelana. Lapho umoya unomswakama, izinhlayiya ezinamathelayo ezipinki zivela ezilondeni – kwanele ukukwenza uzwe ukugwinya. I-pathogen icasha ngokuthula emagatsheni agulayo, ezithelweni ezithelelekile, nasemakhasi awile. Lapho izimo zilungile – izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, imvula ende, namahlumela amasha – iyahlasela ngokushesha. Leli yibhomba elilindele ukuqhuma! Ungayilawula kanjani? Ukufaka umuthi wokuvikela: i-difenoconazole 1,500× + i-pyraclostrobin 2,000× + i-organosilicone adjuvant 3,000×. Uma kuqubuke kakhulu: i-difenoconazole·azoxystrobin + i-prochloraz + i-kasugamycin – faka kanye njalo emva kwezinsuku eziyi-7. Ungadinwa!
C: I-Lychee Leaf Gall Midge: Amaqhubu Emacembe Akusilo Ukushoda Komanyolo
Q: "Mfundisi, amacembe ami amasha ayagoba enamaqhubu – ngabe ngiswele umanyolo?"
A: Ukuswela umanyolo? Cha! Lokho yi-leaf gall midge!
Izimpawu: Amacembe agobile, amaqhubu, ukukhubazeka, izicubu eziwugqinsi – uma kubi kakhulu, amahlumela amasha ayama. Vula iqhubu – futhi uzothola izibungu njalo.
Indlela esebenza ngayo: Izintwala ezindala zibeka amaqanda emacembeni athambile. Izibungu ziyachanyuka, zingene ngaphakathi, zimunce ubisi. Lokhu kubangela ukukhula okungavamile kwamaseli – kwakheke amaqhubu. Cabanga ngayo njengendlela yokwakha indlu ngaphakathi kweqabunga lakho!
Ukwelashwa:
- Ukuhlasela kokuqala:
I-clothianidin 1,500× + chlorantraniliprole 2,000× + emamectin benzoate 3,000×.
- Ukuqhuma okukhulu:
I-thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin + emamectin benzoate.
- Fafaza IZITHUNYANA EZISHA! Lapho kukhona umsebenzi.
I-Sooty Mold: Lawo Maqabunga Amnyama – Isikhunta Akusona Isizathu Sangempela!
Iphutha lomlimi: "Amaqabunga amnyama – kumele kube isikhunta. Gcwalisa izibulala-zikhunta!"
Iqiniso: Ithagethi elingalungile! I-sooty mold emnyama iwuphawu nje. Inkinga yangempela izinambuzane.
Ukusebenza kwayo:
- Izintwala, izinambuzane ezinamagobolondo, kanye nezimpukane ezimhlophe zidla esihlahleni sakho.
- Zikhipha
umpe – into enamathelayo, enoshukela.
- Ukhunta lwe-sooty mold ludla kulompele futhi lwanda ebusweni beqabunga.
- Umphumela: ungqimba olumnyama, olunomlotha kuwo wonke amaqabunga nezithelo.
Ubufakazi: Sula ungqimba olumnyama – izicubu zeqabunga ezingaphansi zisaluhlaza futhi ziphilile. Yilokho okwenza wazi ukuthi akusona isifo sangempela!
Isixazululo:
- Qondisa izinambuzane nge-
spirotetramat 4,000× + imidacloprid 2,000× + mancozeb 600×.
- Lapho izinambuzane sezilawulwa, ungqimba lwe-sooty mold luzokhumuka futhi luwe ngokwemvelo.
Umgomo wegolide okufanele uwukhumbule: I-sooty mold? Ungafafazi umuthi wokubulala ukhunta kuqala – thola izinambuzane!
e+f:Erineum Mite: Lawo maqhubu noboya emaqabungeni akho? Yimite, akusona isifo!
Amabhamuza amaqabunga, ukushwabana, nokugoqeka ngaphezulu – ukuqina nokuqina ezigabeni zakamuva – yilokho i-erineum mite (isifo esinjengomphetho). Izinwele eziphuzi ngaphansi kweqabunga, ziphenduka zibe nsundu ngokuphuzi kuya kokumnyama – ezimweni ezinzima, lonke iqabunga liyagoqeka – nalokho i-erineum mite.
Isifo akusona isikhunta noma igciwane – i-lychee erinose mite (gall mite)! Ukudla emaqabungeni amancane kuvuselela ukukhula okungavamile kwezicubu – amabhamuza phezulu, izinwele phansi – izinhlangothi zombili ziyahlaselwa!
Kwelashwa kanjani?
- Ukufaka izindlela zokuvikela/ekuqaleni:
i-abamectin 3,000× + i-bifenazate 2,000× + i-organosilicone adjuvant 3,000×.
- Ukuqubuka okunzima:
i-abamectin + i-etoxazole + uwoyela wamaminerali – faka kabili ngokulandelana, kube nezinsuku eziyi-7 phakathi.
Khumbula: hlola ngaphansi kweqabunga isifo esinjengomphetho – ungakudidanisi nezinye izinkinga
Ukubola Kwamaqabunga E-Litchi – Umhlahlandlela Wokuhlonza Nokulawula
Izimpawu Zesifo
Ukubola kwamaqabunga e-litchi kuthinta kakhulu amaqabunga ezihlahla zezithelo. Lesi sifo siqala ekugcineni kweqabunga noma emaphethelweni, sibonakala njengamachashaza ansundu, okuthi kamuva abe nsundu ngokumpunga noma mpunga-mhlophe anemiphetho emnyama nsundu noma ensundu ngokunsomi, egobeka kancane. Umngcele phakathi kwezicubu ezigulayo nezempilo ucacile. Ezigabeni zakamuva, kuvela amachashaza amancane amnyama – izithelo zesifo – ezilonda.
Ngamafuphi: izihloko ezinsundu → izilonda ezimhlophe ezikhulayo → imiphetho enombala onsomi → amachashaza amnyama aminyene. Izinyathelo ezine zokukubona.
Amaphethini Okuvela
Izinto ezibangela ukubola kwamaqabunga ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zihlanganisa isikhunta esihlukahlukene njenge- Alternaria spp., Colletotrichum spp., kanye ne- Pestalotiopsis spp. Lezi zinto ezibangela izifo zihlala ebusika emaqabungeni agulayo noma awile. Entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, zikhiqiza izinhlamvu (ama-spores) ezisakazwa umoya nemvula.
Umugqa Wesikhathi: Izithombo ezisemithonjeni ziqala ukukhombisa izimpawu ekuqaleni kukaJuni; izihlahla ezindala ngoJulayi. Isikhathi esiphezulu ngu-Agasti–Septemba, kwehla kancane ngemuva kuka-Okthoba. Qaphela kakhulu eminyakeni enemvula ende yasekwindla.
Izindlela Zokulawula
Umgomo Oyinhloko: Yakha amandla esihlahla kuqala, ufafaze okwesibili. Ngoba lesi yisilwanyana esibuthakathaka, isihlahla esinempilo sinzima kakhulu ukuthi singangenwa yiso.
Nquma amagatsha aminyene kakhulu kanye namagatsha abuthakathaka/agulayo ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena komoya nokukhanya, kuncishiswe umswakama ensimini.
Ukulawula Ngamakhemikhali (Ukusetshenziswa Esigabeni Sokuqala):
Ekuqaleni kwesifo, sebenzisa lokhu ngokushintshana:
- I-benomyl·zinc cycloheximide EC engu-25%
Ukuhlanjululwa ngo-700×, noma
- I-chlorobromoisocyanuric acid engu-50%
impuphu encibilikayo emanzini 1,000× ukuhlanjululwa
Shintsha phakathi kwale mikhiqizo ukuze uvimbele ukumelana nemithi
Isifo samaqabunga e-Litchi Coniothyrium
Izici Zesifo
Lesi sifo sithinta amaqabunga. Amaqabunga athelelekile athuthukisa izilonda ezincane, eziyindilinga noma ezingahleliwe, ikakhulukazi ziqala ekugcineni kweqabunga noma emaphethelweni, kamuva zikhule zibe izilonda ezimpunga-nsundu ezinamachashaza amancane amnyama - ama-acervuli (izitho ezithela izithelo) zesifo - avela phezulu.
Izindlela Zokulawula
Faka lezi zibulala-zinambuzane ezilandelayo ekuqaleni kwesifo:
Isibulala-zinambuzane | Izinga Lokuhlanjululwa |
70% mancozeb WP | 600–800× |
40% chlorothalonil SC | 500–600× |
30% copper oxychloride SC | 400–600× |
I-prochloraz-manganese chloride WP engu-50% | 1,000–1,500× |
I-triadimefon·thiram WP engu-45% | 600–800× |
I-difenoconazole WG engu-10% | 1,000–2,000× |
I-propiconazole EC engu-25% | 1,500–2,000× |
I-iprodione WP engu-50% | 1,500–2,000× |
Faka ngokufafaza ngokulinganayo, bese uphinda 10-15 izinsuku kamuva.
I-Litchi Leaf Spot / I-Litchi Brown Blotch
Izici Zesifo
Lesi sifo sithinta amaqabunga avuthiwe namadala. Izilonda zivela ebusweni beqabunga noma emaphethelweni eqabunga. Ekuqaleni, zingamachashaza amancane ansundu, akhula kancane kancane abe yizilonda eziyindilinga noma ezicishe zibe yindilinga. Izilonda eziningana zingahlangana zakhe izindawo ezinkulu zezicubu zamaqabunga afile. Izikhungo zezilonda zimpunga-mhlophe ngamachashaza amancane amnyama, kuyilapho imiphetho incane futhi insundu.
Izindlela zokulawula
Ekuqaleni kwesifo, kungasetshenziswa imithi elwa nesikhunta elandelayo:
Umuthi wokubulala isikhunta | Izinga lokuhlanjululwa |
I-30% copper oxychloride SC | 600× |
77% i-copper hydroxide WP | 600–800× |
50% i-prochloraz manganese chloride complex WP | 1,500× |
50% i-carbendazim WP | 600–800× |
75% i-chlorothalonil WP | 1,000× |
50% i-prochloraz-manganese chloride complex WP | 1,500× |
I-45% triadimefon·thiram WP | 600× |
I-Litchi Powdery Mildew
Izici Zesifo
Isikhunta se-powdery mildew sakha ungqimba oluyimpuphu esithelweni se-lychee. Imicu yesikhunta imfishane futhi iyisicaba, isakazeka phakathi kwemifantu ephakathi kwamagquma (iziphumela) zesithelo. Ezimweni ezinzima, ukutheleleka kungadlulela ekumbozeni wonke amagquma. Lapho isithelo sivuthwa, ikhasi liphenduka libe nsundu futhi libe lukhuni, kuthinte kakhulu ikhwalithi yesithelo.
Izindlela Zokulawula
Sebenzisa lezi zibulala-zinambuzane ezilandelayo:
Isibulala-zinambuzane | Izinga lokuncibilikisa |
I-43% tebuconazole SC (Horizon / Folicur) | 3,000× |
I-240 g/L flusilazole EC (Nustar / Fushixing) | 3,000–5,000× |
I-40% sulfur·carbendazim SC (Miebingwei) | 300× |
Faka njalo emva kwezinsuku eziyi-7–10, izikhathi eziyi-2–3 zilandelana.
Xhumana
Shiya ulwazi lwakho futhi sizokuthinta.
Ucingo
uLisa Cheng