Sowing: Under suitable climate and protected cultivation, adapted to East, South, Central, North, Northwest, Southwest, Northeast China and the Yangtze River Basin. In the Yangtze River Basin, tunnel sowing is from March 30 to April 10 of the following year; open-field sowing is from April 10 to May 20 and August 20 to September 20. Other regions should choose suitable sowing dates based on local climate.
Temperature: Optimal germination temperature is 18–22°C; seeds barely germinate above 30°C. Optimal growing temperature is 15–20°C. Excessive heat or long daylight causes bolting; insufficient light results in thin heart leaves.
Sowing method: Direct seeding or transplanting, cover thinly and keep soil moist.
Water & fertilizer: Keep soil moist during growth and fertilize timely to promote leaf growth.
Harvest: Growth period is about 45 days; harvest as needed.