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Xianju Bayberry
06.20（更新于06.20）
Product Features Broadcast
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External sensory characteristics
The main varieties of Xianju bayberry are "Dongkui" and "Biqi variety." Among them, "Dongkui" has large, round, purple-red fruits, slightly pointed flesh columns, juicy and rich in flavor, with a sweet and sour taste; "Biqi variety" has medium-sized, round, purple-black fruits, with blunt flesh columns and sweet juice. [1]
Intrinsic quality characteristics: Xianju bayberry soluble solid content ≥10.5%, edible rate ≥93.0%, total acidity ≤1%, total sugar ≥8%. [1]
Xianju Bayberry
Origin Environment Report
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Soil landform
Xianju Yangmei
Xianju County is located in the southeastern mountainous area of Zhejiang. The Xianxia Ridge extends to the bifurcation of Jinyun, stretching along the northern and southern borders of the county, forming a clamp-like confrontation. To the south is Mount Kuocang, with its main peak, Mi Shailang, at an elevation of 1382.4 meters; to the north is Mount Dalei, with its main peak, Qingmeijian, at an elevation of 1314 meters. There are 109 peaks in the county with an elevation of over 1000 meters. Yong'an Creek flows from west to east, with a total length of 116 kilometers within the territory. The terrain slopes inward from the outside, slightly tilted to the east, with valleys and basins of varying sizes interspersed. The main types of soil in the area are yellow soil, red soil, rice paddy soil, and marsh soil. The hilly terrain at an elevation of around 200 meters is primarily composed of red sandy gravel rock, red sandstone, or calcareous purplish-red sandy slate, weathered to form red sandy soil or red-purple sandy soil. The unique soil environment and special intermountain basin topography are suitable for the growth of Yangmei. [1]
Climate Conditions
The climate of Xianju County belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate, with an annual average temperature of 18.3℃, an average temperature of 5.6℃ in January, and an average temperature of 28.5℃ in July. The frost-free period lasts about 240 days a year. Rainfall is abundant, with an annual average precipitation of about 2000 millimeters, showing a bimodal distribution, with the first peak being the plum rain and the second peak being the autumn rain. The spatial distribution of precipitation is uneven, with more in the south than in the north, and more in the east than in the west. [1]
Hydrological conditions
Xianju County has high wings in the north and south, with a low center. Yong'an Creek runs through the middle, with a total length of 116 kilometers within Xianju County and a drainage area of 1983.7 square kilometers. Major tributaries include Yu Creek, Zhu Creek Port, Bei'ao Creek, Twenty Dudu Pit, Thirteen Dudu Pit, Eighteen Dudu Pit, Nine Dudu Port, Six Dudu Pit, Four Dudu Pit, Yang'an Port, and Cangling Pit, with abundant runoff and an average annual runoff of 2.145 billion cubic meters. [1]
Historical Origins Broadcast
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The cultivation of waxberries in Xianju County has a history of over 1000 years. [3]
In 1984, Shen Qingshan, with the help of his classmate Lin Xianling, introduced more than 100 East Kwei bayberries and initiated trial planting among farmers in Qiaoting Village, Hengxi Town, and Zhao'ao Village, Nanfeng Street.
In 1986, Xianju County introduced water chestnut varieties of bayberry, which were planted in Xilu Village of Bulu Township and Shijing Village of Guanlu Town.
In 1987, experts from the China Rice Research Institute came to Xianju to give lectures and promote the application of paclobutrazol in the dry seedling cultivation of rice. After consulting with the experts, Shen Qingshan requested 1 kilogram of paclobutrazol and conducted experiments on citrus, bayberry, and peaches according to the usage method for rice.
In April 1988, Shen Qingshan was invited by the village cadres of Yushan Village in Baita Town to conduct formal experiments again in Yushan Village. Shen Qingshan conducted experiments on the concentration and duration of the medication, spending a total of 5 years on experiments and research. He ultimately summarized a relatively complete set of cultivation techniques for bayberries, which advanced the production period of young bayberries by 2 to 3 years, overcame the phenomenon of alternate bearing in bayberries, and increased the yield of bayberries by more than double, with a significant improvement in quality. At the same time, large-scale research on fast-growing, high-quality, and high-yield cultivation of bayberries was carried out in Xilu Village, Buluxiang, which rapidly expanded the bayberry planting area in the village, making it a "Fairy Bayberry" village with an annual production of over 1,000 tons of bayberries.
In the early 1990s, Xianju bayberry was not accepted by the market.
On June 12, 1993, the first Yangmei Festival was held in Xilu Village. After the event was reported by the media, the previously overlooked Yangmei became a sought-after commodity, with prices rising from around 1 yuan per pound to 3 to 4 yuan, leading to a supply shortage. The highest income for fruit farmers in Xilu Village reached over 5,000 yuan. In June 1994, Xilu Village held the Yangmei Festival again based on last year's experience to promote and expand the popularity of Yangmei. [4]
Xianju Bayberry
Production Status Report
In 2019, Xianju County had a planting area of 92 square kilometers for Xianju bayberry, with an annual output of 90,000 tons and a protected area of 1,992 square kilometers. [1]
Xianju Yangmei
Product Honor Broadcast
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In 1999, Xianju Yangmei won the brand product award at the China International Agricultural Expo.
In 2001, "Xianlv" brand Xianju bayberry was awarded the title of famous product at the China Agricultural Expo and the gold medal at the Zhejiang International Agricultural Expo.
In 2002, Xianju Yangmei passed the A-level certification for green food and was authorized to use the green food logo.
In 2003, Xianju Yangmei was rated as one of the top ten fine Yangmei in Zhejiang Province.
On April 30, 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China approved the implementation of geographical indication registration protection for "Xianju Yangmei." [2]
In October 2022, selected for the 2022 Agricultural Brand Boutique Cultivation Program. [5]
In October 2022, selected as the second batch of demonstration-level cultural and tourism IPs in Zhejiang Province. [6] In November 2023, the ancient Yangmei group in Xianju, Zhejiang, passed expert review and was officially recognized.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRecognized as a globally important agricultural cultural heritage. [7]
Xianju Yangmei
Geographical Indication Broadcast
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The geographical protection range of Xianju Yangmei geographical indication is: the geographical coordinates are between 120°44′ to 121°21′ east longitude and 28°51′ to 29°11′ north latitude. The production area includes: 20 towns (streets) and 418 administrative villages in Fuying Street, Nanfeng Street, Anzhou Street, Anling Township, Xigang Township, Qiaoshan Township, Hengxi Town, Butou Town, Potan Township, Danzhu Township, Baita Town, Tianshi Town, Guanlu Town, Shangzhang Township, Bulu Township, Guangdu Township, Xiage Town, Dazhan Township, Shuangmiao Township, and Zhuxi Town in Xianju County, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. [1]
Xianju Yangmei
Quality Technical Requirements
Specific production methods
1.1 Site Selection
Choose slopes below 25°, at altitudes below 650 meters, with loose soil, good drainage, a pH value of 4-6, and sandy red or yellow loam hillsides or hilly areas containing gravel to establish the garden. Build terraced fields or fish-scale pits before planting.
1.2 Variety Range
Dongkui, water chestnut variety.
1.3 Production Control
The Yangmei from Xianju must undergo full-process control in terms of seedling quality, cultivation techniques, harvesting grading, and storage preservation, according to specific production and technical requirements.
1.3.1 Seedling Quality
Seedlings are classified into Grade 1 and Grade 2 based on the trunk thickness of one-year grafted seedlings, seedling height, and the number of branches within the specified height. Seedlings below Grade 2 standards cannot be sold as commercial seedlings. See the table below for details. Table 1 Seedling Classification Level Trunk Thickness (cm) Seedling Height (cm) Number of Branches within Specified Height (pcs) Root System Quarantine Pests and Diseases Grade 1 ≥0.60 ≥40 ≥3 Well-developed None Grade 2 ≥0.50 ≥30 ≥2 Relatively developed.
1.3.2 Cultivation Techniques
1.3.2.1 Planting
Spring planting and autumn planting. Spring planting is from late February to mid-March, while autumn planting is from early October to early November, with spring planting being preferable. The planting density depends on the site conditions and management level of the garden area, with 375 to 450 plants per hectare.
1.3.2.2 Shaping and Pruning
Usually adopts a natural open round head shape. Pruning is based on the principles of solving ventilation and light transmission, and adjusting the balance between the tree's nutritional growth and reproductive growth. Pruning methods such as bud removal, tip pruning, branch pulling, short cutting, retrenching, and branch thinning are used to ensure that the branch tips are moderately sparse, evenly distributed, and form a good crown structure for stable and high yields. After the seedlings are topped, when new shoots emerge, select 3 to 4 vigorous new shoots with evenly distributed orientations as main branches, and remove the remaining branches early. In the second year, cut off the immature autumn shoots on the extension branches of the main branches, and select the first lateral main branch about 60 centimeters from the trunk. In the third year, select the second lateral main branch on the main branch; the first and second lateral main branches should be spaced about 50 centimeters apart. Based on the reasonable matching of the main branches and lateral main branches, cultivate side branches to create an open crown within 5 to 6 years.
1.3.2.3 Flower and Fruit Management
For young fruit trees with low fruit set, measures to promote flowering and control shoot growth should be taken during the summer and autumn shoot growth period from late July to early September to improve the fruit set rate. For multi-flower trees, moderate pruning should be carried out before bud break in spring, removing overly dense and weak flowering branches to encourage the growth of spring shoots and ensure an appropriate amount of fruit set; thinning of fruit should be done after the physiological fruit drop period and before the rapid fruit expansion period, generally divided into 2 to 3 times.
1.3.2.4 Fertilizer and Water Management
Before the high temperature and drought from July to September, ground cover should be applied. Deep plowing should be carried out every 3 to 4 years in autumn and winter to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Fertilization should be done 1 to 2 times a year, mainly applying base fertilizer in winter, with 25 kilograms of charred mud ash per plant, or 2 kilograms of cake fertilizer plus 10 kilograms of charred mud ash or 0.5 to 1.0 kilograms of potassium sulfate.
1.3.2.5 Pest and Disease Control
According to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control," timely remove dead branches and fallen leaves that harbor pests and diseases to reduce pest sources; strengthen cultivation management, promote healthy tree growth, and enhance the tree's disease resistance. Protect and utilize natural enemies, leverage biological control, use beneficial organisms to eliminate harmful organisms, and expand the application of pest control through insects and fungi to maintain ecological balance in nature. Based on the actual occurrence of pests and diseases, adopt localized measures, using agricultural control as the foundation, and reasonably apply chemical, biological, and physical control methods to manage pests and diseases. Strengthen pest and disease forecasting and reporting to ensure timely and accurate control.
1.3.3 Harvesting
Graded, staged, and batch harvesting. Use shallow fruit baskets that can hold 3 to 5 kilograms, and place sponges at the bottom and around the sides of the baskets. The harvesting time should be in the early morning or evening.
1.3.4 Storage and Preservation
1.3.4.1 Cold Storage Room
The requirements should be built in the production area of waxberries to reduce damage caused by transportation before storage, and there should be supporting procurement sites. The temperature control range is 1℃ to 5℃, with a fluctuation of ±1℃; the humidity control range is: relative humidity 85% to 90%; with a fluctuation of ±3%. The cold storage should be equipped with a humidifier, ozone generator, and ventilation windows. If conditions permit, an ice-making room and standby units should be equipped, and the temperature of the ice-making room should be controlled below -10℃.
1.3.4.2 Warehouse Preparation
The storage room should be cleaned thoroughly before storage, tools should be washed and dried, and disinfected with ozone for 2 hours. The doors should be opened for ventilation 24 hours before storage, and the equipment should be debugged to ensure normal operation. Equip professional operators for the cold storage or establish a quick maintenance network.
1.3.4.3 Storage
The tools should be breathable, and the walls should be smooth. Good ventilation plastic baskets or frames can be used for holding, with each basket (frame) having a capacity of no more than 10 kilograms. The height of the frame should be about 15 centimeters. Small packages of (2-3) kilograms can first be placed in (0.04-0.06) millimeter PE fresh-keeping bags inside the plastic basket (frame), and after putting the bayberries into the fresh-keeping bags, they can be stored in the pre-cooling room. After leaving the warehouse, they can be directly transported in foam boxes after vacuuming.
1.3.4.4 Pre-cooling
The harvested bayberries are sent to the pre-cooling warehouse for pre-cooling, with a pre-cooling temperature of 3℃ to 7℃ and a pre-cooling time of 3 hours to 6 hours. Only bayberries that have undergone pre-cooling can be stored in the warehouse.
1.3.4.5 Storage
Ozone sterilization is used before storage. The storage temperature is controlled at 1℃ to 5℃, and the relative humidity of the air is controlled at 85% to 90%. Each batch of fruit entering the warehouse should ideally be 20% to 25% of the total storage capacity, and the next batch should be stored after the warehouse temperature stabilizes. The fruits should be marked with the storage time and grade for easy observation and retrieval. [1]
The use of the special logo is in accordance with the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs regarding the use of geographical indications for agricultural products. The following provisions are made for the use of the Xianju Yangmei geographical indication: Any Xianju Yangmei produced and operated within the scope of the logo, and bases (households) that are planted according to the production control technical specifications of Xianju Yangmei, must apply to the holder of the registration certificate to use the obtained Xianju Yangmei geographical indication on products and packaging, and sign relevant contracts. They must standardize production and use of the logo according to relevant requirements, and uniformly adopt a labeling method that combines the product name with the public logo of the agricultural product geographical indication. The agricultural administrative departments of the people's government at or above the county level are responsible for the supervision and management of the Xianju Yangmei geographical indication, and regularly conduct supervision and inspection of the geographical scope and logo usage of registered geographical indication agricultural products. Units and individuals are encouraged to conduct social supervision of agricultural product geographical indications. Producers and operators using this geographical indication are responsible for the quality and reputation of the geographical indication agricultural products. Those who violate these regulations will be dealt with by the agricultural administrative departments of the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with the "
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